Isishwankathelo

Ngo-2021, yasekhayaibhetri yokugcina amandlaUkuthunyelwa kuya kufikelela kwi-48GWh, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngamaxesha angama-2.6.

Ukusukela ukuba iTshayina iphakamise iinjongo ezimbini zekhabhoni ngo-2021, uphuhliso lwamashishini amatsha asekhaya afana nomoya kunyeukugcinwa kwelanga kunye namandla amatshaizithuthi bezitshintsha mihla le.Njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa injongo yekhabhoni emibini, yasekhayaukugcinwa kwamandlaiya kuzisa ixesha elilungileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo nophuhliso lwemarike.Ngo-2021, enkosi ngokunyuka komthamo ofakiweyo waphesheyaamandla okugcina amandlaizikhululo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo womoya wasekhaya kunyeukugcinwa kwamandla elanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla asekhaya kuya kufezekisa ukukhula okuqhumayo.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiIbhetri yeLithiumIziko loPhando lweZiko loPhando lwezoShishino oluPhezulu, lwasekhayaibhetri yokugcina amandlaukuthunyelwa kuya kufikelela kwi-48GWh kwi-2021, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-2.6;ngawaphi amandlaibhetri yokugcina amandlaUkuthunyelwa kuya kuba yi-29GWh, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngamaxesha angama-4.39 xa kuthelekiswa ne-6.6GWh ngo-2020.

Kwangaxeshanye, iukugcinwa kwamandlaishishini nalo lijongene neengxaki ezininzi endleleni: ngo-2021, iindleko ezinyukayo zeiibhetri ze-lithiumiye yanda kwaye amandla okuvelisa ibhetri aqinile, okubangele ukunyuka kweendleko zenkqubo endaweni yokuwa;ekhaya nangaphandleibhetri ye-lithium yokugcina amandlaizikhululo zamandla ombane ziye zavutha ngamaxesha athile kwaye zaqhuma, nto leyo ekhuselekileyo Iingozi azinakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo;iimodeli zoshishino lwasekhaya azivuthwanga ngokupheleleyo, amashishini akafuni ukutyalomali, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla "kulwakhiwo olunzima phezu kokusebenza", kwaye i-phenomenon ye-asethi engasebenziyo iqhelekile;ixesha lokuqwalasela ukugcinwa kwamandla ubukhulu becala kwiiyure ze-2, kwaye umlinganiselo ophezulu womoya omkhulu kunye neegridi zamandla elanga zixhunywe kwi-4 Imfuno yokugcina amandla ixesha elide ngaphezu kweyure iya ingxamiseka ngakumbi ...

Umkhwa oqhelekileyo wokubonakaliswa okwahlukeneyo kogcino lwetekhnoloji yogcino lwamandla, ubungakanani bomthamo ofakiweyo wetekhnoloji yogcino lwe-non-lithium-ion kulindeleke ukuba yande.

Xa kuthelekiswa nemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphambili, "iSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa" sibhale ngakumbi malunga notyalo-mali kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.ukugcinwa kwamandlaubuchwephesha, kwaye ikhankanye ngokucacileyo ukuphuculwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ezifana neebhetri zesodium-ion, iibhetri ze-lead-carbon, iibhetri zokuhamba, kunye ne-hydrogen (ammonia) yokugcina amandla.Uyilo lophando.Okwesibini, iindlela zobugcisa ezinje nge-100-megawatt yogcino lwamandla omoya, ibhetri ye-100-megawatt yokuhamba, i-ion yesodium, imeko eqinileyo.ibhetri ye-lithium-ion,kunye nebhetri yentsimbi engamanzi izikhokelo zophando lwezixhobo zobugcisa kwiukugcinwa kwamandlaishishini ngexesha le-14 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu.

Ngokubanzi, "iSicwangciso soPhumezo" sicacisa imigaqo yophuhliso yomboniso oqhelekileyo kodwa owahlukileyo weendlela ezahlukeneyo.ukugcinwa kwamandlaiindlela zobuchwepheshe, kwaye ichaza kuphela injongo yokucwangcisa yokunciphisa iindleko zenkqubo ngaphezu kwe-30% ngo-2025. Oku kunika ilungelo lokukhetha indlela ethile eya kubadlali beemarike, kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lokugcinwa kwamandla luya kuba yindleko- kunye nemarike- ijolise kwimfuno.Kusenokubakho izizathu ezibini emva kokusekwa kwemigaqo.

Okokuqala, ixabiso elinyukayo leiibhetri ze-lithiumkunye nempahla ekrwada enyukayo kunye nomthamo ongonelanga wemveliso ngo-2021 iveze imingcipheko enokubakho yokuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kwindlela enye yobugcisa: ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno esezantsi yemoto yamandla amatsha, amavili amabini, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kubangele ukunyuka kwempahla ekrwada. amaxabiso kunye nokubonelela ngezakhono.Ukungonelanga, okubangelwa ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nezinye izicelo ezisezantsi "ukubamba umthamo wokuvelisa, ukubamba izinto eziluhlaza".Okwesibini, ubomi bokwenene beemveliso zebhetri ye-lithium abukho ixesha elide, ingxaki yomlilo kunye nokuqhuma ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye indawo yokunciphisa iindleko kunzima ukuyicombulula ngexesha elifutshane, okwenza ukuba ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zawo onke amandla. izicelo zokugcina.Ngokwakhiwa kweenkqubo ezintsha zamandla, ugcino lwamandla luya kuba sisixhobo sombane esitsha esiyimfuneko, kwaye imfuno yogcino lwamandla yehlabathi inokwenzeka ukuba ingene kwixesha le-TWh.Inqanaba langoku lokubonelela ngeebhetri ze-lithium alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfunoukugcinwa kwamandlaiziseko ezingundoqo zeenkqubo ezintsha zamandla kwixesha elizayo.

Okwesibini kukuphucula okuphindaphindiweyo kwezinye iindlela zobugcisa, kunye neemeko zobugcisa bokubonakaliswa kobunjineli zikhoyo ngoku.Thatha ugcino lwamandla olwelo oluphawulwe kwiSicwangciso soPhumezo njengomzekelo.Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ezihambayo azikho utshintsho lwesigaba kwinkqubo yokuphendula, inokuhlawulwa ngokunzulu kwaye ikhutshwe, kwaye inokumelana nokutshaja okuphezulu kwangoku kunye nokukhutshwa.Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lokuhamba kweebhetri kukuba ubomi bomjikelezo bude kakhulu, ubuncinci bunokuba ngamaxesha angama-10,000, kwaye ezinye iindlela zobugcisa zinokufikelela nangaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-20,000, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bubonke bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu. ilungele umthamo omkhuluumoya ovuselelekayo.Indawo yokugcina amandla.Ukususela ngo-2021, iQela leDatha, i-State Power Investment Corporation, i-China General Nuclear Power kunye namanye amaqela okuvelisa amandla akhuphe izicwangciso zokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla okugcina amandla ebhetri ye-100-megawatt.Inqanaba lokuqala leukugcinwa kwamandlaukucheba incophoIsikhululo sombaneIprojekthi ingene kwinqanaba lokumisela imodyuli enye, ebonisa ukuba ibhetri yokuhambahamba inokusebenza kobuchwephesha bokubonakaliswa kwe-100-megawatt.

Ngokwembono yokuvuthwa kwetekhnoloji,iibhetri ze-lithium-ionzisengaphambili kakhulu kunezinyeezintsha zokugcina amandlangokwempembelelo yesikali kunye nenkxaso yemizi-mveliso, ngoko kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba baseza kuba yeyona nto intshaukugcinwa kwamandlaUfakelo kule minyaka izayo 5-10.Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo opheleleyo kunye nomlinganiso ozalanayo weendlela zokugcina amandla angeyo-lithium-ion kulindeleke ukuba zande.Ezinye iindlela zobugcisa, ezifana neebhetri ze-sodium-ion, umoya ocinezelweyoukugcinwa kwamandla, iibhetri zekhabhoni ezikhokelayo, kunye neebhetri zomoya-zentsimbi, kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke kwiindleko zotyalo-mali lokuqala, iindleko ze-kWh, ukhuseleko, njl njl.iibhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Ukuqwalasela iimeko zesicelo, imfuno yasekhaya yokugcina amandla ixesha elide kulindeleke ukuba ifezekise impumelelo esemgangathweni.

Ngokwexesha lokugcinwa kwamandla, iimeko zesicelo sokugcinwa kwamandla kunokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwisitoreji samandla esifutshane (<1 iyure), ukugcinwa kwamandla okuphakathi kunye nexesha elide (iiyure ze-1-4), kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwexesha elide (≥4 iiyure, kwaye amanye amazwe angaphandle achaza ≥8 iiyure) ) iindidi ezintathu.Okwangoku, izicelo zokugcina amandla asekhaya zigxininiswe kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla kwexesha elifutshane kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okuphakathi kunye nexesha elide.Ngenxa yezinto ezifana neendleko zotyalo-mali, itekhnoloji kunye neemodeli zoshishino, imarike yokugcina amandla ixesha elide isekwinqanaba lokulima.

Ngelo xesha, amazwe aphuhlileyo aquka i-United States kunye ne-United Kingdom akhuphe uluhlu lwenkxaso-mali yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezicwangciso zobugcisa zokugcinwa kweteknoloji yexesha elide, kuquka "i-Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap" ekhutshwe yiSebe lezaMandla lase-United States. , kunye nezicwangciso zeSebe lezoShishino, aMandla kunye neSicwangciso soShishino saseUnited Kingdom.Ukwabela i-68 yezigidi zeerandi ukuxhasa iprojekthi yokubonisa indlela yeteknoloji yokugcina amandla yelizwe.Ukongeza kumagosa karhulumente, imibutho yaphesheya kweelwandle nayo ithatha amanyathelo abonakalayo, afana nebhunga lexesha elide lokugcina amandla.Umbutho waqalwa ngama-25 amazwe ngamazwe anamandla, iteknoloji, kunye nezixhobo zoluntu ezibandakanya iMicrosoft, BP, Siemens, njl., kwaye izama ukuhambisa i-85TWh-140TWh yofakelo lwexesha elide lokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke ngo-2040, kunye notyalo-mali lwe-US $ 1.5 iitriliyoni ukuya kwi-3 yeetriliyoni.Idola.

Umfundi uZhang Huamin weDahua Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ukhankanye ukuba emva kwe-2030, kwinkqubo entsha yamandla asekhaya, umlinganiselo wamandla avuselelekayo aqhagamshelwe kwigridi uya kwandiswa kakhulu, kunye nendima yolawulo lwencopho yegridi kunye nolawulo lwamaza. iya kutshintshelwa kwizitishi zamandla zokugcina amandla.Kwimozulu eqhubekayo yemvula, ngenxa yokunciphisa okubalulekileyo kumthamo ofakelweyo wezityalo zamandla ashushu, ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo lwenkqubo entsha yamandla, iiyure ezingama-2-4 kuphela zexesha lokugcinwa kwamandla azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane. zero-carbon uluntu kwaphela, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide.Iindawo yokugcina amandla ombaneinikeza amandla afunwa ngumthwalo wegridi.

Esi "Sicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa" sichitha i-inki eninzi ukugxininisa uphando kunye nokubonakaliswa kweprojekthi yeteknoloji yokugcina amandla ixesha elide: "Yandisa ukusetyenziswa kweefom ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla.Ukudibanisa neemeko zemithombo yemimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye nemfuno yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla exesha elide, Ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla amatsha afana nokugcinwa kwamandla e-hydrogen, ukugcinwa kwamandla okushisa (okubandayo), njl njl kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso. yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla., Ibhetri ye-Iron-chromium flow, i-zinc-Australia ibhetri ehambayo kunye nezinye izicelo zoshishino", "Ukuveliswa kwamandla avuselelwe ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen (ammonia), i-hydrogen-electric coupling kunye nezinye izicelo zokubonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okunzima".Kulindeleke ukuba ngexesha le-14 yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu, inqanaba lophuhliso lwamashishini amakhulu okugcina amandla exesha elide njenge-hydrogen (ammonia) yokugcina amandla, ukuhamba.iibhetrikwaye umoya ocinezelweyo ophezulu uya kunyuka kakhulu.

Ugxininiso ekujonganeni neengxaki eziphambili kubuchwepheshe bokulawula i-smart, kunye nokudityaniswa kolwazi kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano kunye ne-hardware kulindeleke ukuba ikhawuleze, eya kuba luncedo kwishishini lenkonzo yamandla ebanzi.

Ngaphambili, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yamandla emveli yayiyeyesakhiwo setsheyini eqhelekileyo, kwaye unikezelo lwamandla kunye nolawulo lomthwalo wamandla lwaphunyezwa ngokuthumela okuphakathi.Kwinkqubo entsha yamandla, ukuveliswa kwamandla amatsha sesona siphumo siphambili.Ukunyuka okuguquguqukayo kwinqanaba lokuphuma kwenza kube nzima ukulawula kunye nokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo kwimfuno, kwaye impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa ukuthandwa okukhulu kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwicala lomthwalo libekwe phezulu.Uphawu olucacileyo kukuba inkqubo yegridi yamandla iqhagamshelwe kwimithombo yamandla esasazwayo enkulu kunye noguquguqukayo lwangoku oluthe ngqo.Kulo mxholo, ingcamango yendabuko yokuthumela i-centralized iya kuguqulwa ibe yintlangano edibeneyo yomthombo, inethiwekhi, umthwalo kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nemodi yokulungelelanisa.Ukuze uqonde utshintsho, i-digitization, ulwazi kunye nengqondo yazo zonke iinkalo zamandla kunye namandla zizihloko zobuchwepheshe ezingenako ukuphetshwa.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla yinxalenye yeziseko zamandla amatsha kwixesha elizayo.Okwangoku, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hardware kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nenye isofthiwe ivelele ngakumbi: izikhululo zamandla ezikhoyo zingenako ngokwaneleyo uhlalutyo lomngcipheko wokhuseleko kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri, ukufumanisa ngokubanzi, ukuphazamiseka kwedatha, ukulibaziseka kwedatha, kunye nokulahleka kwedatha.Ukusilela kwedatha okubonwayo;indlela yokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlanganiswa kunye nolawulo lokusasazwa kwemithombo yomthwalo wecala lomsebenzisi wokugcina amandla, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane inzuzo eninzi ngezityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ezithatha inxaxheba kwiintengiselwano zemarike yombane;itekhnoloji yolwazi lwedijithali njengedatha enkulu, i-blockchain, i-computing yefu, kunye ne-asethi yokugcina amandla Iqondo lokudibanisa alinzulu kakhulu, intsebenziswano phakathi kokugcinwa kwamandla kunye namanye amakhonkco kwinkqubo yamandla ibuthathaka, kwaye iteknoloji kunye nemodeli yokuhlalutya idatha kunye nokumbiwa kwemigodi. zexabiso elongeziweyo azikhuli.Ngokuthandwa kunye nobungakanani bokugcinwa kwamandla kwi-14th ye-Five-Yeminyaka yeSicwangciso, i-digitalization, i-informatization kunye neemfuno zokulawula ezihlakaniphile kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ziya kufikelela kwinqanaba elingxamisekileyo.

Kulo mxholo, "iSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa" sinqume ukuba iteknoloji yokulawula ingqiqo yokugcina amandla iya kuthathwa njengenye yeendlela ezintathu eziphambili zokujongana neengxaki eziphambili zeteknoloji entsha yokugcina amandla kunye nezixhobo ngexesha le-14 yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu, apho. ngokukhethekileyo ibandakanya "iteknoloji yokujongana ne-centralized main-scale-energy storage system cluster intelligent collaborative control"., yenza uphando malunga nokudibanisa ngokubambisana kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisasazwayo, kwaye ugxininise ekusombululeni iingxaki zokulawula igridi ezibangelwa umlinganiselo ophezulu wokufikelela kwamandla amatsha.Ukuxhomekeka kwidatha enkulu, i-computing yefu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ibhloko ye-blockchain kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha, kuphinda kusetyenziswe imisebenzi emininzi yokugcina amandla, Uphando kwiiteknoloji eziphambili kwiinkalo zempendulo yemfuno-side, izityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla efu, kunye nemarike- intengiselwano ezisekwe.Idijithali, ukwazisa kunye nobukrelekrele bogcino lwamandla kwixesha elizayo kuya kuxhomekeka ekukhuleni kogcino lwamandla ngobukrelekrele bokuhambisa itekhnoloji kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.