Umahluko phakathi kwe-nickel-metal hydride, iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium

Iibhetri zeNiMH

Iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zenziwe ngee-ion ze-hydrogen kunye ne-nickel yensimbi.Bane-30% yogcino lwamandla ngaphezu kweebhetri zenickel-cadmium, zikhaphukhaphu kuneebhetri zenickel-cadmium, kwaye zinobomi obude benkonzo.Zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye azinampembelelo yenkumbulo.Ukungalungi kweebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride kukuba ixabiso leebhetri ze-nickel-cadmium libiza kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kubi kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium.

Ibhetri yeLithium Ion

Ibhetri ene-eneji ephezulu eyenziwe ngayoiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ibhetri yeLithium-ionkananjalo luhloboibhetri smart, inokusebenzisana netshaja ekhethekileyo yantlandlolo enobuchule ukufezekisa elona xesha lifutshane lokutshaja, olona jikelo lobomi bude kunye nomthamo omkhulu.Ibhetri yeLithium-ionngoku lelona bhetri lingcono.Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zenickel-cadmium kunye neebhetri zenickel-hydrogen zobukhulu obufanayo, inomthamo omkhulu wogcino lwamandla, obona bunzima bukhaphukhaphu, obona bomi bude, elona xesha lifutshane lokutshaja, kwaye akukho siphumo sokukhumbula.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona: iibhetri ze-lead-acid kunye neebhetri zealkaline.I-nickel-cadmium (NiCd), i-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) kunye ne-lithium-ion (i-Li-Ion) iibhetri ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zonke iibhetri ze-alkaline.

I-NiMH ibhetri ye-positive plate material yi-NiOOH, i-negative plate material yi-hydrogen-absorbing alloy.I-electrolyte idla ngokuba yi-30% ye-KOH isisombululo samanzi, kwaye inani elincinci le-NiOH liyongezwa.I-diaphragm yenziwe ngelaphu le-vinylon elinobuqhophololo elingalukwanga okanye ilaphu lenayiloni elingalukwanga.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebhetri ze-NiMH: i-cylindrical kunye nesikwere.

Iibhetri ze-NiMH zineempawu ezintle zokukhupha ubushushu obuphantsi.Nangona kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-20 ° C, usebenzisa i-current enkulu (kwizinga lokukhutshwa kwe-1C) ukukhupha, umbane okhutshiweyo unokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-85% yomthamo wamagama.Nangona kunjalo, xa iibhetri ze-NiMH zikwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-40 ° C), umthamo wokugcina uya kuhla nge-5-10%.Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okubangelwa ukuzikhupha (ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa, likhulu izinga lokuzikhupha) libuyiselwa umva, kwaye umthamo omkhulu unokubuyiselwa kwimijikelezo embalwa yokukhupha intlawulo.Umbane ovulekileyo wesekethe yebhetri ye-NiMH yi-1.2V, efana nebhetri ye-NiCd.

Inkqubo yokutshaja iibhetri ze-NiCd/NiMH ifana kakhulu, ifuna ukutshaja rhoqo kwangoku.Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ikakhulu kwindlela yokubona ukuphelisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ibhetri ekutshajisweni.Itshaja yenza ukutshaja kwangoku kwibhetri, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ibona umbane webhetri kunye nezinye iiparamitha.Xa amandla ombane ebhetri enyuka ngokucothayo aze afikelele kwixabiso eliphezulu, ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwebhetri yeNiMH kuyapheliswa, ngelixa ibhetri yeNiCd, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuyapheliswa xa amandla ombane ebhetri esihla ngo-△V okokuqala.Ukuthintela umonakalo kwibhetri, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza akunakuqaliswa xa ubushushu bebhetri busezantsi kakhulu.Xa iqondo lobushushu bebhetri i-Tmin lingaphantsi kwe-10°C, imowudi yokutshaja echuliweyo kufuneka itshintshelwe kuyo.Nje ukuba ubushushu bebhetri bufikelele kwixabiso elichaziweyo, ukutshaja kufuneka kuyekwe ngoko nangoko.

Iibhetri zeNickel-cadmium

Izinto ezisebenzayo kwipleyiti efanelekileyo yebhetri ye-nickel-cadmium ibhetri ye-NiCd yenziwe nge-nickel oxide powder kunye ne-graphite powder.Igraphite ayithathi nxaxheba kwiikhemikhali, kwaye umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuphucula ukuqhuba.Izinto ezisebenzayo kwi-plate engalunganga yenziwe nge-cadmium oxide powder kunye ne-iron oxide powder.Umsebenzi we-iron oxide powder kukwenza i-cadmium oxide powder ibe ne-diffusibility ephezulu, ithintele i-agglomeration, kwaye yandise umthamo wepleyiti ye-electrode.Izinto ezisebenzayo zisongelwe ngokulandelelana kwimicu yentsimbi ene-perforated, eziye zibe ziipleyiti ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga zebhetri emva kokucofa.Iipleyiti zepolar zohlulwe ngeentonga ze-alkali-resistant hard rubber insulating rods okanye i-perforated polyvinyl chloride corrugated boards.I-electrolyte idla ngokuba sisisombululo se-potassium hydroxide.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri, izinga lokuzikhupha kweebhetri ze-NiCd (oko kukuthi, isantya apho ibhetri ilahlekelwa yintlawulo xa ingasetyenziswa) imodareyitha.Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-NiCd, ukuba azikhutshwanga ngokupheleleyo, ziya kuhlaziywa, kwaye ngexesha elizayo xa zikhutshwa, aziyi kukwazi ukukhupha onke amandla abo.Umzekelo, ukuba i-80% yebhetri ikhutshwe kwaye ihlanjwe ngokupheleleyo, ibhetri inokukhupha kuphela i-80% yebhetri.Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkumbulo yesiphumo.Ewe kunjalo, imijikelo emininzi yokukhupha/yokutshaja iya kubuyisela ibhetri ye-NiCd ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.Ngenxa yempembelelo yememori yeebhetri ze-NiCd, ukuba azikhutshwanga ngokupheleleyo, ibhetri nganye kufuneka ikhutshwe ngaphantsi kwe-1V ngaphambi kokutshaja.